Gum Disease (Periodontal Disease)

What are the early signs of gum disease?

Gingivitis, the initial stage of gum disease, often appears as redness, swelling, or minor bleeding during brushing or flossing. Left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, in which the gums pull away from the teeth, forming “pockets” that harbor bacteria and plaque buildup.

Advanced periodontal disease can lead to bone loss and, eventually, tooth loss. Common symptoms include:

• Bad breath
• Bleeding gums
• Deep pockets under the gums
• Receding gums
• Loose teeth
• Heavy tartar buildup
• Red, swollen gums
• Visible bone loss on X-rays

If you smoke or use tobacco products, you may not experience typical gum disease symptoms like bleeding or swelling, making regular dental checkups even more important.

How is gum disease treated at the dentist?

The treatment approach depends on the severity of the gum disease. Common treatments include:

• Scaling and root planing: Deep-cleaning treatments for mild to moderate gum disease that remove plaque, tartar, and bacteria below the gum line and smooth the tooth roots to encourage gum reattachment.
• Bone grafting: Used for advanced cases where the jawbone has started to deteriorate. This procedure uses graft material to encourage new bone growth, which is often necessary before dental implants.

Can gum disease lead to tooth loss if untreated?

Yes, untreated gum disease can eventually lead to tooth loss as the supporting bone and tissues deteriorate. Advanced periodontal disease weakens the structures around teeth, causing them to loosen and, in severe cases, fall out.